THEMIS: A Parameter Estimation Framework for the Event Horizon Telescope (2024)

Broderick, A. E., Gold, R., Karami, M., Preciado-López, J. A., Tiede, P., Pu, H.-Y., Akiyama, K., Alberdi, A., Alef, W., Asada, K., Azulay, R., Baczko, A.-K., Baloković, M., Barrett, J., Bintley, D., Blackburn, L., Boland, W., Bouman, K. L., Bower, G. C., ... Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration (2020). THEMIS: A Parameter Estimation Framework for the Event Horizon Telescope. The Astrophysical Journal, 897(2), Article 139. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab91a4

Broderick, Avery E. ; Gold, Roman ; Karami, Mansour et al. / THEMIS : A Parameter Estimation Framework for the Event Horizon Telescope. In: The Astrophysical Journal. 2020 ; Vol. 897, No. 2.

@article{8b421fd3765a4135be14c6f9bbf2ef97,

title = "THEMIS: A Parameter Estimation Framework for the Event Horizon Telescope",

abstract = "The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) provides the unprecedented ability to directly resolve the structure and dynamics of black hole emission regions on scales smaller than their horizons. This has the potential to critically probe the mechanisms by which black holes accrete and launch outflows, and the structure of supermassive black hole spacetimes. However, accessing this information is a formidable analysis challenge for two reasons. First, the EHT natively produces a variety of data types that encode information about the image structure in nontrivial ways; these are subject to a variety of systematic effects associated with very long baseline interferometry and are supplemented by a wide variety of auxiliary data on the primary EHT targets from decades of other observations. Second, models of the emission regions and their interaction with the black hole are complex, highly uncertain, and computationally expensive to construct. As a result, the scientific utilization of EHT observations requires a flexible, extensible, and powerful analysis framework. We present such a framework, THEMIS, which defines a set of interfaces between models, data, and sampling algorithms that facilitates future development. We describe the design and currently existing components of THEMIS, how THEMIS has been validated thus far, and present additional analyses made possible by THEMIS that illustrate its capabilities. Importantly, we demonstrate that THEMIS is able to reproduce prior EHT analyses, extend these, and do so in a computationally efficient manner that can efficiently exploit modern high-performance computing facilities. THEMIS has already been used extensively in the scientific analysis and interpretation of the first EHT observations of M87.",

keywords = "565, 1647, 1858, 1769, 98",

author = "Broderick, {Avery E.} and Roman Gold and Mansour Karami and Preciado-L{\'o}pez, {Jorge A.} and Paul Tiede and Hung-Yi Pu and Kazunori Akiyama and Antxon Alberdi and Walter Alef and Keiichi Asada and Rebecca Azulay and Anne-Kathrin Baczko and Mislav Balokovi{\'c} and John Barrett and Dan Bintley and Lindy Blackburn and Wilfred Boland and Bouman, {Katherine L.} and Bower, {Geoffrey C.} and Michael Bremer and Brinkerink, {Christiaan D.} and Roger Brissenden and Silke Britzen and Dominique Broguiere and Thomas Bronzwaer and Do-Young Byun and Carlstrom, {John E.} and Andrew Chael and Shami Chatterjee and Koushik Chatterjee and Ming-Tang Chen and Yongjun Chen and Ilje Cho and Conway, {John E.} and Cordes, {James M.} and Crew, {Geoffrey B.} and Yuzhu Cui and Jordy Davelaar and {De Laurentis}, Mariafelicia and Roger Deane and Jessica Dempsey and Gregory Desvignes and Doeleman, {Sheperd S.} and Eatough, {Ralph P.} and Heino Falcke and Fish, {Vincent L.} and Ed Fomalont and Raquel Fraga-Encinas and Per Friberg and Fromm, {Christian M.} and Peter Galison and Gammie, {Charles F.} and Roberto Garc{\'i}a and Olivier Gentaz and Boris Georgiev and Ciriaco Goddi and G{\'o}mez, {Jos{\'e} L.} and Minfeng Gu and Mark Gurwell and Kazuhiro Hada and Hecht, {Michael H.} and Ronald Hesper and Ho, {Luis C.} and Paul Ho and Mareki Honma and Huang, {Chih-Wei L.} and Lei Huang and Hughes, {David H.} and Makoto Inoue and Sara Issaoun and James, {David J.} and Michael Janssen and Britton Jeter and Wu Jiang and Alejandra Jim{\'e}nez-Rosales and Johnson, {Michael D.} and Svetlana Jorstad and Taehyun Jung and Ramesh Karuppusamy and Tomohisa Kawashima and Keating, {Garrett K.} and Mark Kettenis and Jae-Young Kim and Jongsoo Kim and Motoki Kino and Koay, {Jun Yi} and Koch, {Patrick M.} and Shoko Koyama and Michael Kramer and Carsten Kramer and Krichbaum, {Thomas P.} and Cheng-Yu Kuo and Sang-Sung Lee and Yan-Rong Li and Zhiyuan Li and Michael Lindqvist and Rocco Lico and Kuo Liu and Elisabetta Liuzzo and Wen-Ping Lo and Lobanov, {Andrei P.} and Laurent Loinard and Colin Lonsdale and Ru-Sen Lu and MacDonald, {Nicholas R.} and Jirong Mao and Marscher, {Alan P.} and Iv{\'a}n Mart{\'i}-Vidal and Satoki Matsush*ta and Matthews, {Lynn D.} and Menten, {Karl M.} and Yosuke Mizuno and Izumi Mizuno and Moran, {James M.} and Kotaro Moriyama and Monika Moscibrodzka and Cornelia M{\"u}ller and Hiroshi Nagai and Nagar, {Neil M.} and Masanori Nakamura and Ramesh Narayan and Gopal Narayanan and Iniyan Natarajan and Roberto Neri and Chunchong Ni and Aristeidis Noutsos and Hiroki Okino and H{\'e}ctor Olivares and Ortiz-Le{\'o}n, {Gisela N.} and Tomoaki Oyama and Palumbo, {Daniel C. M.} and Jongho Park and Ue-Li Pen and Pesce, {Dominic W.} and Vincent Pi{\'e}tu and Richard Plambeck and Aleksandar PopStefanija and Oliver Porth and Ben Prather and Venkatessh Ramakrishnan and Ramprasad Rao and Rawlings, {Mark G.} and Raymond, {Alexander W.} and Luciano Rezzolla and Bart Ripperda and Freek Roelofs and Alan Rogers and Eduardo Ros and Mel Rose and Helge Rottmann and Chet Ruszczyk and Ryan, {Benjamin R.} and Rygl, {Kazi L. J.} and Salvador S{\'a}nchez and David S{\'a}nchez-Arguelles and Mahito Sasada and Tuomas Savolainen and Schloerb, {F. Peter} and Karl-Friedrich Schuster and Lijing Shao and Zhiqiang Shen and Des Small and Sohn, {Bong Won} and Jason SooHoo and Fumie Tazaki and Tilanus, {Remo P. J.} and Michael Titus and Kenji Toma and Pablo Torne and Efthalia Traianou and Sascha Trippe and Shuichiro Tsuda and {van Bemmel}, Ilse and {van Langevelde}, {Huib Jan} and {van Rossum}, {Daniel R.} and Jan Wagner and John Wardle and Jonathan Weintroub and Norbert Wex and Robert Wharton and Maciek Wielgus and Wong, {George N.} and Qingwen Wu and Doosoo Yoon and Andr{\'e} Young and Ken Young and Ziri Younsi and Feng Yuan and Ye-Fei Yuan and Zensus, {J. Anton} and Guangyao Zhao and Shan-Shan Zhao and Ziyan Zhu and {Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration}",

year = "2020",

month = jul,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3847/1538-4357/ab91a4",

language = "English",

volume = "897",

journal = "The Astrophysical Journal",

issn = "0004-637X",

publisher = "IOP PUBLISHING LTD",

number = "2",

}

THEMIS: A Parameter Estimation Framework for the Event Horizon Telescope. / Broderick, Avery E.; Gold, Roman; Karami, Mansour et al.
In: The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 897, No. 2, 139, 01.07.2020.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - THEMIS

T2 - A Parameter Estimation Framework for the Event Horizon Telescope

AU - Broderick, Avery E.

AU - Gold, Roman

AU - Karami, Mansour

AU - Preciado-López, Jorge A.

AU - Tiede, Paul

AU - Pu, Hung-Yi

AU - Akiyama, Kazunori

AU - Alberdi, Antxon

AU - Alef, Walter

AU - Asada, Keiichi

AU - Azulay, Rebecca

AU - Baczko, Anne-Kathrin

AU - Baloković, Mislav

AU - Barrett, John

AU - Bintley, Dan

AU - Blackburn, Lindy

AU - Boland, Wilfred

AU - Bouman, Katherine L.

AU - Bower, Geoffrey C.

AU - Bremer, Michael

AU - Brinkerink, Christiaan D.

AU - Brissenden, Roger

AU - Britzen, Silke

AU - Broguiere, Dominique

AU - Bronzwaer, Thomas

AU - Byun, Do-Young

AU - Carlstrom, John E.

AU - Chael, Andrew

AU - Chatterjee, Shami

AU - Chatterjee, Koushik

AU - Chen, Ming-Tang

AU - Chen, Yongjun

AU - Cho, Ilje

AU - Conway, John E.

AU - Cordes, James M.

AU - Crew, Geoffrey B.

AU - Cui, Yuzhu

AU - Davelaar, Jordy

AU - De Laurentis, Mariafelicia

AU - Deane, Roger

AU - Dempsey, Jessica

AU - Desvignes, Gregory

AU - Doeleman, Sheperd S.

AU - Eatough, Ralph P.

AU - Falcke, Heino

AU - Fish, Vincent L.

AU - Fomalont, Ed

AU - Fraga-Encinas, Raquel

AU - Friberg, Per

AU - Fromm, Christian M.

AU - Galison, Peter

AU - Gammie, Charles F.

AU - García, Roberto

AU - Gentaz, Olivier

AU - Georgiev, Boris

AU - Goddi, Ciriaco

AU - Gómez, José L.

AU - Gu, Minfeng

AU - Gurwell, Mark

AU - Hada, Kazuhiro

AU - Hecht, Michael H.

AU - Hesper, Ronald

AU - Ho, Luis C.

AU - Ho, Paul

AU - Honma, Mareki

AU - Huang, Chih-Wei L.

AU - Huang, Lei

AU - Hughes, David H.

AU - Inoue, Makoto

AU - Issaoun, Sara

AU - James, David J.

AU - Janssen, Michael

AU - Jeter, Britton

AU - Jiang, Wu

AU - Jiménez-Rosales, Alejandra

AU - Johnson, Michael D.

AU - Jorstad, Svetlana

AU - Jung, Taehyun

AU - Karuppusamy, Ramesh

AU - Kawashima, Tomohisa

AU - Keating, Garrett K.

AU - Kettenis, Mark

AU - Kim, Jae-Young

AU - Kim, Jongsoo

AU - Kino, Motoki

AU - Koay, Jun Yi

AU - Koch, Patrick M.

AU - Koyama, Shoko

AU - Kramer, Michael

AU - Kramer, Carsten

AU - Krichbaum, Thomas P.

AU - Kuo, Cheng-Yu

AU - Lee, Sang-Sung

AU - Li, Yan-Rong

AU - Li, Zhiyuan

AU - Lindqvist, Michael

AU - Lico, Rocco

AU - Liu, Kuo

AU - Liuzzo, Elisabetta

AU - Lo, Wen-Ping

AU - Lobanov, Andrei P.

AU - Loinard, Laurent

AU - Lonsdale, Colin

AU - Lu, Ru-Sen

AU - MacDonald, Nicholas R.

AU - Mao, Jirong

AU - Marscher, Alan P.

AU - Martí-Vidal, Iván

AU - Matsush*ta, Satoki

AU - Matthews, Lynn D.

AU - Menten, Karl M.

AU - Mizuno, Yosuke

AU - Mizuno, Izumi

AU - Moran, James M.

AU - Moriyama, Kotaro

AU - Moscibrodzka, Monika

AU - Müller, Cornelia

AU - Nagai, Hiroshi

AU - Nagar, Neil M.

AU - Nakamura, Masanori

AU - Narayan, Ramesh

AU - Narayanan, Gopal

AU - Natarajan, Iniyan

AU - Neri, Roberto

AU - Ni, Chunchong

AU - Noutsos, Aristeidis

AU - Okino, Hiroki

AU - Olivares, Héctor

AU - Ortiz-León, Gisela N.

AU - Oyama, Tomoaki

AU - Palumbo, Daniel C. M.

AU - Park, Jongho

AU - Pen, Ue-Li

AU - Pesce, Dominic W.

AU - Piétu, Vincent

AU - Plambeck, Richard

AU - PopStefanija, Aleksandar

AU - Porth, Oliver

AU - Prather, Ben

AU - Ramakrishnan, Venkatessh

AU - Rao, Ramprasad

AU - Rawlings, Mark G.

AU - Raymond, Alexander W.

AU - Rezzolla, Luciano

AU - Ripperda, Bart

AU - Roelofs, Freek

AU - Rogers, Alan

AU - Ros, Eduardo

AU - Rose, Mel

AU - Rottmann, Helge

AU - Ruszczyk, Chet

AU - Ryan, Benjamin R.

AU - Rygl, Kazi L. J.

AU - Sánchez, Salvador

AU - Sánchez-Arguelles, David

AU - Sasada, Mahito

AU - Savolainen, Tuomas

AU - Schloerb, F. Peter

AU - Schuster, Karl-Friedrich

AU - Shao, Lijing

AU - Shen, Zhiqiang

AU - Small, Des

AU - Sohn, Bong Won

AU - SooHoo, Jason

AU - Tazaki, Fumie

AU - Tilanus, Remo P. J.

AU - Titus, Michael

AU - Toma, Kenji

AU - Torne, Pablo

AU - Traianou, Efthalia

AU - Trippe, Sascha

AU - Tsuda, Shuichiro

AU - van Bemmel, Ilse

AU - van Langevelde, Huib Jan

AU - van Rossum, Daniel R.

AU - Wagner, Jan

AU - Wardle, John

AU - Weintroub, Jonathan

AU - Wex, Norbert

AU - Wharton, Robert

AU - Wielgus, Maciek

AU - Wong, George N.

AU - Wu, Qingwen

AU - Yoon, Doosoo

AU - Young, André

AU - Young, Ken

AU - Younsi, Ziri

AU - Yuan, Feng

AU - Yuan, Ye-Fei

AU - Zensus, J. Anton

AU - Zhao, Guangyao

AU - Zhao, Shan-Shan

AU - Zhu, Ziyan

AU - Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, null

PY - 2020/7/1

Y1 - 2020/7/1

N2 - The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) provides the unprecedented ability todirectly resolve the structure and dynamics of black hole emissionregions on scales smaller than their horizons. This has the potential tocritically probe the mechanisms by which black holes accrete and launchoutflows, and the structure of supermassive black hole spacetimes.However, accessing this information is a formidable analysis challengefor two reasons. First, the EHT natively produces a variety of datatypes that encode information about the image structure in nontrivialways; these are subject to a variety of systematic effects associatedwith very long baseline interferometry and are supplemented by a widevariety of auxiliary data on the primary EHT targets from decades ofother observations. Second, models of the emission regions and theirinteraction with the black hole are complex, highly uncertain, andcomputationally expensive to construct. As a result, the scientificutilization of EHT observations requires a flexible, extensible, andpowerful analysis framework. We present such a framework, THEMIS, whichdefines a set of interfaces between models, data, and samplingalgorithms that facilitates future development. We describe the designand currently existing components of THEMIS, how THEMIS has beenvalidated thus far, and present additional analyses made possible byTHEMIS that illustrate its capabilities. Importantly, we demonstratethat THEMIS is able to reproduce prior EHT analyses, extend these, anddo so in a computationally efficient manner that can efficiently exploitmodern high-performance computing facilities. THEMIS has already beenused extensively in the scientific analysis and interpretation of thefirst EHT observations of M87.

AB - The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) provides the unprecedented ability todirectly resolve the structure and dynamics of black hole emissionregions on scales smaller than their horizons. This has the potential tocritically probe the mechanisms by which black holes accrete and launchoutflows, and the structure of supermassive black hole spacetimes.However, accessing this information is a formidable analysis challengefor two reasons. First, the EHT natively produces a variety of datatypes that encode information about the image structure in nontrivialways; these are subject to a variety of systematic effects associatedwith very long baseline interferometry and are supplemented by a widevariety of auxiliary data on the primary EHT targets from decades ofother observations. Second, models of the emission regions and theirinteraction with the black hole are complex, highly uncertain, andcomputationally expensive to construct. As a result, the scientificutilization of EHT observations requires a flexible, extensible, andpowerful analysis framework. We present such a framework, THEMIS, whichdefines a set of interfaces between models, data, and samplingalgorithms that facilitates future development. We describe the designand currently existing components of THEMIS, how THEMIS has beenvalidated thus far, and present additional analyses made possible byTHEMIS that illustrate its capabilities. Importantly, we demonstratethat THEMIS is able to reproduce prior EHT analyses, extend these, anddo so in a computationally efficient manner that can efficiently exploitmodern high-performance computing facilities. THEMIS has already beenused extensively in the scientific analysis and interpretation of thefirst EHT observations of M87.

KW - 565

KW - 1647

KW - 1858

KW - 1769

KW - 98

U2 - 10.3847/1538-4357/ab91a4

DO - 10.3847/1538-4357/ab91a4

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-637X

VL - 897

JO - The Astrophysical Journal

JF - The Astrophysical Journal

IS - 2

M1 - 139

ER -

Broderick AE, Gold R, Karami M, Preciado-López JA, Tiede P, Pu HY et al. THEMIS: A Parameter Estimation Framework for the Event Horizon Telescope. The Astrophysical Journal. 2020 Jul 1;897(2):139. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab91a4